![]() ![]() For instance, if the air flowing over a wing reaches Mach 1 when the wing is only moving at Mach 0.8, then the wing's critical Mach number is 0.8. The following breakdowns have been generally accepted to classify speeds:Ī "critical Mach number" is the speed of an aircraft (below Mach 1) when the air flowing over some area of the airfoil has reached the speed of sound. ![]() When an aircraft reaches Mach 1, it is said to "break the sound barrier." In other words, Mach 2 at sea level is a greater number of miles per hour (or kilometers per hour) than Mach 2 at 30,000 feet, which is a greater number of miles per hour than Mach 2 at 40,000 feet. At 35,000 feet, this could be reduced to around 295 meters per second (660 mph or 1062 kph). At sea level and in standard atmospheric conditions, the speed of sound is 345 meters per second (equivalent to 770 mph or 1239 kph). Sound travels at different speeds in different substances. This is because the speed of sound changes with altitude and temperature. SOUND SPEED IN DIFFERENT MEDIUMS Sound’s speed in colloquial speech refers to the speed of sound waves in the air. Because the speed of sound varies, a particular speed at sea level expressed as a Mach number would be faster than the same speed at 30,000 feet (9,144 meters), which would be faster than the same speed at 40,000 feet (12,192 meters). The contemporary value for the speed of sound in dry air at a temperature of 0 ☌ (32 ☏) is 331.29 meters (1,086.9 feet) per second. The speed of sound in dry air at room temperature is about 767 fps. It is measured in feet per second (fps), and the speed of sound varies depending on the temperature and humidity of the air. A speed of Mach 2 is twice the speed of sound. The speed of sound is a measure of how fast a sound wave travels through the air. If an aircraft is traveling at one half the speed of sound, it is said to be traveling at Mach 0.5. At 20,000 feet (6,096 meters), the speed of sound is 660 miles per hour (1,062 kilometers per hour). The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. At sea level, the speed of sound is about 761 miles per hour (1,225 kilometers per hour). The speed of sound is faster at higher temperatures because molecules collide more often. The sound of speed in air is increased by 0.60 m/s for each increase of degree in air temperature. The actual speed of sound varies depending on the altitude above sea level because sound travels at slightly different speeds at different temperatures, and the temperature varies according to altitude. speed of sound (m/s) 331.5 + 0.60 T (C) For example, the speed of sound in air is 386 m/s at 100 C. It is used to indicate flight velocities in high-speed flight and is related to the speed of sound. The Mach number (M) refers to the method of measuring airspeed that was developed by the Austrian physicist Ernst Mach. ![]()
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